Kazakhstan

Impact de la déplétion sur la géopolitique présente, passée et à venir.

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par yvesT » 26 janv. 2022, 10:28

Et apparemment c'est dans la région pétrolifère qu'il l'utilise le plus, jusqu'à 90% des véhicules ! :
Regions such as oil-rich Mangistau, where protests started, rely on butane and propane for refuelling as many as 90% of vehicles.

Alternative motor fuels such as gasoline and diesel are more costly at 180-240 tenge ($0.40-0.55) per litre.
https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodi ... 022-01-05/

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 28 janv. 2022, 00:55

L'opérateur electrique du Kazakhstan coupe le courant au crypto minage suite à l'instabilité du réseau électrique :
Kazakhstan Power Operator Cuts Crypto Miners Off The Grid

By Eurasianet - Jan 27, 2022

Kazakhstan’s state electricity provider has announced it is cutting power supplies to crypto miners until the end of January at the earliest.

State-run broadcaster Khabar on January 25 cited KEGOC as saying the decision was taken as a result of the unstable situation with electricity provision across the country.

Millions were left without power across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan that day as the result of a technical fault whose cause has yet to be fully determined. The power networks of all three countries are linked by a Soviet-vintage unified power grid. Electricity supplies have mostly been restored, although there is residual uncertainty about the stability of the grid.

Crypto miners, whose high-intensity computer processing activities utilize vast amounts of electricity, have denied that they were responsible for the regional blackout.

Alan Dorjiyev, president of the National Association of Blockchain and Data Centers Industry in Kazakhstan, said that KEGOC had stopped providing electricity to miners in Kazakhstan as early as January 17.

“Every time there is a problem in the country’s power grid, KEGOC points their finger at the miners,” Dorjiyev said. “Now they have an alibi.”

The inactivity of crypto miners is costing them dear. Dorjiyev’s group estimates losses from standing still at around $1 million a day.

It was always likely that matters with the cryptocurrency miners were going to come to a head. Earlier this winter, Kazakhstan, normally abundant with electricity, even resorted to looking to import electricity from neighboring Russia amid a surge in demand provoked by the miners.

First Deputy Energy Minister Murat Zhurebekov told a November 5 press conference that since early 2021 Kazakhstan had seen an 8 percent increase in domestic electricity consumption. Use has previously not grown by more than 2 percent in a year.

This had happened in turn because of China’s sudden move to regulate miners into exile. As a result, Kazakhstan became the world's second-largest crypto miner, with the country's share jumping from 1.4 percent in September 2019 to more than 18 percent in August, according to data compiled by Cambridge University.

Dorjiyev played down such factors as possible causes for failures in the electricity grid. At root, the reason for the increased frequency of technical faults, he said, is because at least 70 percent of Kazakhstan’s energy infrastructure is Soviet legacy material.

The change in climate for miners appears poised to trigger a rush for the doors.

“Miners have already begun to leave for countries like Russia, Canada, and also to Latin America, where the energy system is stable, and where the rules of the game are more transparent and predictable,” Dorjiyev said.
https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News ... -Grid.html

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 19 mars 2022, 11:54

Kazatomprom looks beyond geopolitics
Recent geopolitical events have not had a material impact on Kazatomprom's group operations to date, the company said yesterday as it announced its 2021 full year results.


17 March 2022

"The first months of 2022 have been volatile and unexpected, to say the least," CEO Mazhit Sharipov said. "In January, our country experienced a tragic series of events in the first days of the new year, events that still echo in the hearts of every citizen of our country. As a company, we promptly took all necessary measures to prevent any disruption to our operations and ensured the safety of all personnel. There were no tangible impacts on the company's activities.

"At the end of February, the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict led to the military actions we are currently seeing in the territory of Ukraine. Our hearts are with all the victims of this conflict and we are hoping a peaceful resolution comes very soon," he said.

Sanctions imposed by various countries against Russia have not directly affected the uranium and nuclear industry to date, Sharipov said, although the rapidly changing situation makes it difficult to predict the possible impact and consequences on Kazatomprom's activities. The company "remains prepared with mitigation plans under a variety of scenarios," he added.

Active international sanctions against certain Russian banks mean it is "inappropriate" for the Kazatomprom group to service or interact with these banks or their subsidiaries, and the company said it has taken measures to redistribute funds to banks that are not under current sanctions.

Provision of services under Kazatomprom's uranium processing agreement with the Uranium Enrichment Centre, which is located in Russia, are currently expected to continue, Kazatomprom said. "There may be a risk of difficulty in making mutual settlements in US dollars with UEC in the event of restrictions and blocking of the UEC's foreign currency accounts or in the event of the withdrawal of Russian banks from the SWIFT system. Potential measures related to the risk of Rosatom being sanctioned are now under consideration," the company added.

Transport routes

Some of Kazatomprom's products are transported through the Russian Federation, but as of 16 March, there were no restrictions related to the supply of its products to end customers, the company said.

Just under 50% of Kazatomprom's attributable production is shipped to western convertors, mostly via St Petersburg, Chief Commercial Officer Askar Batyrbayev said in an interview with James Connor of Bloor Street Capital on 11 March. To date, the transit of material via that route has not been affected at all, he said.

Kazatomprom has already developed an alternative trans-Caspian international transport route, which "completely excludes Russian territory", he said. The company has since 2018 carried out several shipments per year via the alternative route. "So if if we need to use that route we're ready and have the possibility to do that," he said.

2022 guidance

Kazatomprom's total uranium production for 2021 was 21,819 tU on a 100% basis (11,858 tU attributable) - both higher than for 2020, when pandemic-related safety measures resulted in "unusually low" production volumes. Pandemic-related supply chain challenges have, however, continued and the group said it has announced a wider range for its 2022 production guidance of 21,000-22,000 tU on a 100% basis (10,900-11,500 tU attributable).

"Amid and beyond the current events, we are seeing growing concern around energy security and diversification, which has brought nuclear power back into focus as an indispensable alternative to carbon-generating sources," Sharipov said. "As the world's leading producer and supplier of natural uranium, Kazatomprom is best placed to play a significant role in the world's energy transition efforts and deliver on its value-focused strategy well into the future."
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... eopolitics

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 07 mai 2022, 15:02

Le Canadien Cameco qui a une joint venture au Kazakhstan et Kazatomprom cherchent une route alternative au transport de l' Uranium extrait qui évite la Russie. Pour le moment la joint venture Inkai retarde son transport.
...............
Transportation risk

The geopolitical situation is also creating regional transportation risks, Gitzel said. Sanctions on Russia and restrictions on and cancellations of some cargo insurance coverage are now creating uncertainty about the ability to ship uranium products from Central Asia, potentially complicating the logistics for deliveries from those areas, including product from the Inkai joint venture in Kazakhstan which is 40% owned by Cameco.

Cameco has decided to delay a near-term delivery for its share of production from Inkai while it is working with joint venture partner Kazatomprom, to secure an alternate shipping route that does not rely on Russian rail lines or ports, Gitzel said, adding that there could be further delays in expected Inkai deliveries this year if securing an alternative route takes longer than anticipated. "To mitigate the risk, we have inventory, long-term purchase agreements and loan arrangements in place that we can draw on," he said.

Speaking at the World Nuclear Fuel Cycle 2022 conference in London last week, Kazatomprom Chief Commercial Officer Askar Batyrbayev said one appropriate route has already been identified, which is through the Caspian Sea, into the Black Sea and then via the Mediterranean Sea. Gitzel acknowledged that the decision to delay the delivery from Inkai was due to risk mitigation rather than hurdles to be overcome: "We've just decided to delay the shipment until we can see a clearer picture."
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... et-realign

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 19 mai 2022, 09:08

"Kazakhstan-Russie : un divorce provoqué par la guerre en Ukraine"

Par Claude Moniquet le 18/05/2022 marianne.net
lire : https://www.marianne.net/agora/tribunes ... en-ukraine

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 19 mai 2022, 09:11

Kazatomprom raises revenue guidance as uranium price surges

MINING.COM Staff Writer | May 3, 2022

Kazakhstan-focused uranium miner Kazatomprom raised its 2022 revenue guidance, as geopolitical tensions and discussion of new nuclear projects spur higher prices.


The world’s largest uranium miner lifted its revenue forecast to KZT790-810 billion tenge ($1.78-1.83 billion), up from KZT610-630 billion previously.

Production and sales volume guidance for 2022 are unchanged.

Kazakhstan’s national uranium company reported that its production rose 1% on year in Q1, although attributable output declined 4%.

Total sales volumes doubled in the period, reflecting the timing of customer-scheduled deliveries. Realized uranium prices were 33% higher.

Natural uranium product coming from Kazakhstan accounts for more than 45% of the global primary supply.

Geopolitical tensions

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has deepened the ongoing nuclear fuel access concerns that began following the covid-related disruptions to uranium supply in 2020.

Although there have been no restrictions imposed on nuclear fuel to date, negative sentiment has increased and legislative initiatives have been proposed by EU and US lawmakers to ban nuclear fuel imports from Russia.

“The uncertain future availability of Russian fuel and processing services has brought concerns related to security of supply for western utilities, driving an increase in both spot and term market activity, putting significant upward pressure on natural uranium, conversion and enrichment prices,” said Kazatomprom.

“As a result of the geopolitical developments stemming from the Russia-Ukraine war, spot price rose to $58.30/lb U3O8, a level not seen since April 2011.”
https://www.mining.com/kazatomprom-rais ... ce-surges/

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 23 mai 2022, 10:15

en relation avec ce post viewtopic.php?p=2343699#p2343699
Kazakhstan Cuts Iron Supplies To Russian Steelworks
By Eurasianet - May 22, 2022

> International sanctions on Russia appear to be working.
> Kazakhstan’s biggest iron ore-enricher has cut supplies to Russian steelworks.
> A growing number of Kazakh businesses are growing wary of contagion from damage to their trade with foreign buyers or their reputations if they do business with Russian companies.

Kazakhstan’s largest iron ore-enricher has cut supplies to a major steelworks in Siberia as the repercussions of international sanctions against Russia disrupt economic ties between these two members of the Eurasian Economic Union, a free-trade zone. The Sokolov-Sarybai Mining Production Association in northern Kazakhstan was the main supplier of ore to the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steelworks until Russia invaded Ukraine.

Known by the acronym SSGPO, the Kazakhstani plant, based in Rudniy, was supplying 70 percent of the ore sourced by the steelworks in Magnitogorsk, which lies just 340 kilometers away. The Russian plant, often shortened to MMK, obtained the rest from suppliers in Russia.

Because of the halt in supplies from Kazakhstan, MMK has been forced to source ore from nearly 2,000 kilometers away, Russia’s Vedomosti newspaper reported on May 17, citing anonymous sources from both companies.

“Problems with supplies of iron ore arose at MMK after the start of the Russian special military operation in Ukraine and large-scale sanctions against the Russian Federation,” the newspaper said, using the euphemism for the war that Russian media are legally required to write.

Reports of SSGPO halting shipments to Russia emerged in April, Vedomosti noted.

MMK majority shareholder and chairman Viktor Rashnikov is the target of international sanctions, which the company has dismissed as “groundless.”

Firms in Kazakhstan have no obligation to implement international sanctions against any person or entity in Russia. However, many are wary of contagion from damage to their trade with foreign buyers or their reputations if they do business with Russian companies.

MMK is sourcing replacement ore from two enriching plants on Russia’s border with Ukraine. They are owned by Alisher Usmanov, a Russian oligarch who is under international sanctions, via his Metalloinvest steel company.

“There are no disruptions with raw material [supplies],” an anonymous source from MMK told Vedomosti. The company “has already moved to purchasing greater volumes of iron ore from Russian producers.”

The Kazakhstani company has not commented, but it must be casting around for buyers for the ore it was formerly selling to MMK.

That previously amounted to 7-8 million metric tons annually, according to Vedomosti. That sum is equivalent to about a quarter of the nearly 31 million tons the enricher produces every year.

The search for new customers comes at a time when the international appetite for steel is subsiding. The World Steel Association forecast last month that demand would rise just 0.4 percent this year, compared to growth of 2.7 percent in 2021.

Falling demand comes against the backdrop of “global spillovers from the war in Ukraine, along with low growth in China,” where strict coronavirus lockdowns are in place, the association said.
https://oilprice.com/Metals/Commodities ... works.html

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 13 août 2022, 13:35

Kazakhstan To Reroute Oil Flow From Caspian Pipeline

By Charles Kennedy - Aug 12, 2022,

Kazakhstan will re-route some of its export oil to a pipeline in Azerbaijan as the Caspian Pipeline Consortium channel remains at risk of further suspensions, Reuters has reported, citing unnamed sources familiar with the matter.

In July this year, a Russian court ordered the suspension of oil flows along the CPC on the ground of environmental violation: a spill that occurred during the loading of a Greek-flagged tanker last year at the port of Novorossiysk. The company attributed the accident to equipment problems.

That court’s decision was overturned by a higher court, and flows via the CPC were started, but according to the Reuters report, the Kazakh state sees it as a vulnerability.

The Caspian Pipeline Consortium is the world’s largest international oil transportation project involving Russian and Kazakh companies for the transportation of crude oil from Kazakh and Russian fields to the port of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea via a 1,500-km pipeline. Chevron has a 15-percent stake in the company.

Kazakhstan sends two-thirds of its oil exports via the CPC, which earlier this year was suspended for a month after damages suffered during a storm. Now, state oil company Kazmunaigaz is in talks with Azerbaijan’s SOCAR for a redirection of some flows via the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline that ends in Turkey.

Kazakhstan exports some 1.4 million bpd of crude, which is equal to about a percent of the global supply. However, based on the Reuters report, only a fraction of that would be redirected to the Azeri pipeline: 1.5 million tons annually, per one of the unnamed sources, which is about 30,000 bpd.

Yet this could be just the beginning, according to the sources. Starting from 2023, Kazakh could be exporting 3.5 million tons of crude annually via another Azeri pipeline to the Georgian Black Sea coast. With that, the total flow redirected from the CPC would come in at 100,000 bpd, Reuters calculates.
https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News ... eline.html

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 13 août 2022, 14:47

Kazatomprom à annoncé une production d' Uranium en baisse de 7 % sur le trimestre Q2 comparé à 2021. Mais en volume les ventes ont augmentées de 31% grâce au prix plus élevé de vente.
Kazatomprom Reiterates 2022 Guidance as 2Q Uranium Production Fell

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

NAC Kazatomprom JSC on Monday reported lower uranium production for the second quarter and reiterated full-year guidance.

Kazakhstan's national uranium company said that its production fell 7% in the second quarter compared with the same period of 2021, with attributable output down 11%.

However, sales volumes rose 31% and the average realized price was 39% higher.

Kazatomprom reiterated full-year revenue guidance at 930 billion tenge-950 billion tenge ($1.95 billion-$1.99 billion), with the outlook for production, sales volumes and costs also unchanged.

Kazatomprom is the world's largest uranium producer.
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/kazat ... ewer_click

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 13 août 2022, 15:12

Le Kazakhstan envisage le site d'une seconde centrale nucléaire :
Kazakhstan chooses site for second NPP

9 August 2022

Construction of a second NPP on the Irtysh River in the Kurchatov region is being considered, Kazakhstan’s Vice Minister of Energy Zhandos Nurmaganbetov told a press conference on 3 August. Both Lake Balkhash and the Irtysh River are suitable sites for a NPP, he noted, adding: “Lake Balkhash will be the location of the NPP in Kazakhstan.” He explained that, if Kazakhstan aims to achieve carbon neutrality, “then there is no other way out but to build several plants”. The Irtysh is certainly a promising site, he noted, and once construction of the first plant begins, “the question arises: how many nuclear plants there will be in Kazakhstan”. He said relevant discussions are underway and detailed information will be looked at by the end of the year or early in 2023.

Energy Minister Bolat Akchulakov explained why the region of Lake Balkhash was chosen to host the NPP and gave assurances about safety noting that the experience of accidents at NPPs in Chernobyl and Fukushima had been taken into account. “In Kazakhstan, the situation is completely different and we will exclude such possibilities. Moreover, the technologies that are on the shortlist, all incorporate post-Fukushima upgrades. Therefore, we want to make it as safe as possible.” He added that the tectonics in the village of Ulken near Lake Balkhash are quite different from those at Fukushima.
...............

Earlier, Energy Minister Akchulakov said that Kazakhstan would decide on the technology for the construction of a nuclear power plant at the end of 2022 or early 2023. At the end of June, Kazakhstan excluded the US and Japan from its original list of potential technology suppliers on the grounds that there was no experience in the construction and operation of the proposed reactors.
..........................
https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newska ... pp-9913411

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 18 août 2022, 22:55

Uranium: Orano et son partenaire obtiennent un nouveau permis au Kazakhstan

AFP le 18 août 2022

Orano et son partenaire kazakh Kazatomprom ont obtenu un permis leur permettant d'exploiter une nouvelle parcelle d'un gisement d'uranium au Kazakhstan, a indiqué jeudi le groupe français dans un communiqué.

Katco, co-entreprise entre Orano Mining (51%) et Kazatomprom (49%), a signé avec les autorités locales "un amendement au contrat d'utilisation du sous-sol existant, permettant de conduire le développement industriel de la parcelle de South Tortkuduk du gisement d'uranium de Muyunkum", dans le sud du pays.

"L'exploitation de cette nouvelle parcelle devrait assurer la production de Katco pendant une quinzaine d'années", détaille Orano dans un communiqué.

Les travaux nécessaires pourraient toutefois limiter pendant deux ans à environ 65% la production de Katco "avec un retour estimé à sa production nominale historique d'environ 4.000 tonnes d'uranium par an au plus tôt en 2026".

Orano, ex-Areva, avait produit l'an dernier 6.814 tonnes d'uranium dans trois pays: Kazakhstan, Niger et Canada.
https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org ... tan-220818

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 20 août 2022, 14:50

Kazatomprom to increase uranium production in 2024

19 August 2022

Mid- and long-term contracts have given the Kazakh uranium producer the confidence to increase its uranium production in 2024 by 2000-3000 tU above expected 2023 levels, it said in its mid-year financial update. Although its primary shipping route via St Petersburg has so far remained available, the company intends to use an alternative route via the Caspian Sea later this year.


"Unprecedented" global economic uncertainty and significant geopolitical developments in the first half of the year have tested Kazatomprom's corporate risk management practices, Acting CEO and Chief Operational Officer Yerzhan Mukanov said, and risks to both mine development and uranium production from supply chain challenges remain significant.

"Although the uranium market has improved, with an increase in long-term contracting interest, a thinning near-term market, and substantially improved pricing, we believe the fundamental shift in the supply-demand balance is still underway, with an illusion of endless secondary supply, creating ongoing opportunities for Kazatomprom as a primary supplier that maintains a disciplined approach," Mukanov said. "Therefore, consistent with our market-centric strategy and accounting for evolving mine development and production constraints, we expect to increase potential production by about 2000 to 3000 tU in 2024 compared to our planned range for 2023, representing continued production discipline and a decrease of approximately 10% against our total subsoil use contracts level in 2024."

Subsoil use contracts are agreements with the Kazakh government covering the production of uranium by in-situ leach methods. Kazatomprom in 2017 announced plans to reduce production to align with market demand, and prior to today's announcement its 2024 production expectation had been set at 20% below the 28,691 tU for the year specified in the subsoil use contracts.

The decision to increase production is based primarily on the signature of mid- and long-term contracts with new and existing customers, Kazatomprom said: "The current contract book provides sufficient confidence that the additional volume in 2024 will have a secure place in the market and be needed to fulfil future contractual obligations."

Kazatomprom's 2024 production is now expected to be between 25,000 tU and 25,500 tU (on a 100% basis). Although the year-on-year production increase from 2023 to 2024 is modest, the current state of global supply chains may still present "significant challenges to any increase above current production levels," it said. It will now begin working with joint venture partners and mining subsidiaries to incorporate the required changes into its 2023 budgets and development plans. No decision has been taken regarding mine development activity and production volumes beyond 2024.

Transport routes

The primary shipment route for Kazakhstan's uranium production is via St Petersburg in Russia. Despite continuing geopolitical uncertainty, this route has so far remained uninterrupted and has already been used several times this year, Chief Commercial Officer Askar Batyrbayev said.

An alternative route via the Caspian Sea - which does not cross Russian territory - developed in 2018 is available, and the company intends to send at least one shipment via that route this year, he said. Shipment via this route might be "slightly more costly" than via St Petersburg.

"I guess we'll be using the Caspian route a little more frequently than we did before," he added.
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... on-in-2024

et aussi :
https://www.mining.com/worlds-largest-u ... ion-goals/

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 15 sept. 2022, 01:59

XI Jiping en visite au Kazakhstan, mais avec le masque :

Image
Chinese President Xi Jinping (L) and Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev pose for a picture during a meeting in Nur-Sultan [Press service of the President of Kazakhstan/Handout via Reuters]
Chinese leader Xi Jinping in Kazakhstan before summit with Putin

14 Sept 2022
Chinese President Xi Jinping has started his first foreign trip since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic more than two years ago with a stop in Kazakhstan, in advance of a summit in Uzbekistan with his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, and other leaders of a Central Asian security group.

Xi was met on Wednesday at the airport tarmac in Nur-Sultan by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and an honour guard.

His trip underlined the importance China has placed on asserting its role as a regional leader amid tensions with the United States, Japan and India in the face of disputes about technology, security, human rights and territory.

Tokayev’s government said the two leaders would discuss energy and trade. Kazakhstan is a significant oil and gas producer that counts China as a leading customer.

On Thursday, Xi is due to fly to Samarkand in neighbouring Uzbekistan for a summit of the eight-nation Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
...................
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/ch ... r-AA11Pg0l

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 28 sept. 2022, 00:59

Mobilisation décrétée par V. Poutine : 98 000 Russes arrivés au Kazakhstan

FRANCE 24•27/09/2022

Le Kazakhstan fait face à des difficultés pour accueillir les dizaines de milliers de Russes qui fuient leur pays après l'appel à la mobilisation partielle de Vladimir Poutine, bien que le gouvernement kazakh n'envisage pas la fermeture des frontières, indiquent les responsables locaux. Le ministère russe de la Défense a indiqué qu'il ne solliciterait pas de gouvernements étrangers pour obtenir l'extradition des milliers de Russes ayant fui le pays afin d'échapper à la mobilisation pour combattre en Ukraine.
courte vidéo : https://www.boursorama.com/videos/actua ... 34401c63cc

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Re: Kazakhstan

Message par energy_isere » 29 oct. 2022, 12:16

Kazatomprom veut accroitre la quantité d'Uranium expédié par la ''route'' trans Caspienne.
Kazatomprom looking to increase quota for trans-Caspian uranium route

27 October 2022

NAC Kazatomprom said it is working to increase the 3500 tU quota limit on its trans-Caspian route, an alternative to shipment via St Petersburg. However, shipments via the alternative route may be subject to delays as it passes through different jurisdictions - Cameco said some material from the Inkai joint venture is currently being held up in Azerbaijan.

Image
Shipments via the trans-Caspian route pass through several jurisdictions (Image: Kazatomprom)

Kazatomprom's uranium shipments have up to now continued to pass through St Petersburg, and there are to date no restrictions on its activities related to the supply of its products to customers worldwide, the company said in its Q3 results, although it continues to monitor the "growing list of sanctions on Russia" and their potential impact on the transportation of products through Russian territory. It shipped its third quarter volumes via St Petersburg without any disruptions or logistical/insurance-related issues.

The Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR) - used by Kazatomprom since 2018 as an alternative to the St Petersburg route - helps to mitigate the risk of the primary route being unavailable, for any reason. The company said it is working to increase the quota limit for that route, and is also assisting its joint venture partners "if they would prefer not to receive their share of material via the established route that passes through the port of St Petersburg."

The TITR requires the use of chartered sea vessels on the Black Sea rather than commercial shipping companies, and to maximise cost efficiencies, material must be consolidated at the Port of Poti in Georgia, the company said. The Kazatomprom-owned portion of a shipment that is currently under way via the TITR has reached the Port of Poti without issue. However, shipments of material from Kazatomprom's joint venture operations can encounter delays due to the requirements of transit country authorities. One such shipment sourced from Inkai - a 60:40 joint venture of Kazatomprom and Cameco - currently en route to join the material already waiting at the Port of Poti has been delayed, it said.

Past and current shipments of Kazatomprom-owned material are permitted based on commitments directly between the company and the end-user taking title of the material at the destination, but transit country authorities can potentially request documentation from joint venture partners as well as from the joint venture itself for shipments of Kazakh-origin uranium from joint venture operations to joint venture partners using the TITR.

"As it is the first time the TITR-related jurisdictions are reviewing such arrangements, there is an elevated risk of transportation delays," Kazatomprom said.

Whether shipped by Kazatomprom or its partners sharing Kazakh assets, the product remains of Kazakh origin through to its arrival at a western conversion facility, the company said.

Azerbaijan hold-up

In its own Q3 results call, Cameco - Kazatomprom's partner in Inkai - reiterated that it does not take title to material shipped from the joint venture until it is received at the company's Blind River refinery in Canada. Sean Quinn, Cameco's senior vice president and chief legal officer, confirmed that the shipment from Inkai which is currently en route has been delayed in Azerbaijan due to regulatory requirements and is awaiting permits to continue its journey.

"We're optimistic that it will get through," Quinn said, adding that the shipment is not expected to encounter further problems as it passes through Georgia and onto the Black Sea. "We anticipate it will go smoothly once it's through Azerbaijan," he said. "It's a delivery route that has been used before, so we're quite optimistic it will work in due course."
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... r-trans-Ca

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