L'acier, le fer

Discussions traitant de l'impact du pic pétrolier sur l'économie.

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 27 juin 2021, 13:28

suite du post au dessus.

Et le Cameroun signe un accord avec des société liées aux Chinois pour construire la voie ferrée pour aller à la cote.
Sundance s'estime lésé et lance un procés international pour violation de contrat.
Cameroon to build railway to Mbalam-​Nabeba project with China-linked firms

Reuters | June 25, 2021

Cameroon signed a deal on Friday with two China-linked companies to construct a railway from the coast to a large cross-border iron deposit, the state broadcaster said, even as it faces legal action over the project from Australia’s Sundance Resources.

Sundance has filed for international arbitration and billions of dollars in damages, saying Cameroon and Congo Republic have violated contracts by developing the Mbalam-​Nabeba project with Chinese investors.

Cameroon’s mines minister and transport minister signed the memorandum of understanding to construct the rail link from Mbalam to the southern port of Kribi with representatives of Aust-Sino Resources and Bestway Finance, the state broadcaster CRTV said in a post on Twitter.

The ministries did not respond to a request for comment.

Bestway Finance is registered in Hong Kong. Mining company Aust-Sino is based in Australia, but some of its board members have close links to China, according to its website.

Aust-Sino, which was a major backer of Sundance until last year, did not respond to a request for comment. Bestway could not be reached.

Congo Republic revoked Sundance affiliate Congo Iron’s permit for the Congolese part of the project in December and awarded it to little known company Sangha Mining Development Sasu, which is backed by Bestway.

Mining has yet to start at Mbalam-​Nabeba, which has an estimated 775 million tonnes of iron ore. Over 500 kilometres (310 miles) of rail needs to be built to transport the ore to the coast.

Projects requiring significant infrastructure investment have become more viable due to a surge in iron ore prices, which hit a record high in May as a rebound in demand for the key steel-making ingredient from top consumer China outpaced supply.
https://www.mining.com/web/cameroon-to- ... ked-firms/

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par Silenius » 28 juin 2021, 00:14

Un énorme projet de minerai de fer à cheval sur la frontiére Cameroun et RDC.
:lol: Aucune frontiere commune entre ces deux pays !

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 28 juin 2021, 00:54

Silenius a écrit :
28 juin 2021, 00:14
Un énorme projet de minerai de fer à cheval sur la frontiére Cameroun et RDC.
:lol: Aucune frontiere commune entre ces deux pays !
Rectifié. il s'agit du Congo Brazaville, pas de la RDC.

Image

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 28 juin 2021, 08:50

suite de ce post du 1er sept 2020 viewtopic.php?p=2308258#p2308258

premiers résultats de l' usine pilote en Suéde qui produit de ''l'éponge de fer'' par réduction à l' hydrogène.
SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall first in the world with hydrogen-reduced sponge iron

June 23, 2021 evwind

SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall have now produced the world’s first hydrogen-reduced sponge iron at a pilot scale. The technological breakthrough in the HYBRIT initiative captures around 90% of emissions in conjunction with steelmaking and is a decisive step on the road to fossil-free steel.

The HYBRIT pilot plant in Luleå, Sweden has completed test production of sponge iron and demonstrates that it is possible to use fossil-free hydrogen gas to reduce iron ore instead of using coal and coke to remove the oxygen. Production has been continuous and of good quality. Around 100 tonnes have been made so far. This is the first time ever that hydrogen made with fossil-free electricity has been used in the direct reduction of iron ore at a pilot scale. The goal in principle is to eliminate carbon dioxide emissions from the steelmaking process by using only fossil-free feedstock and fossil-free energy in all parts of the value chain.

Hydrogen-based reduction is a critical milestone, which paves the way for future fossil-free iron- and steelmaking. SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall intend, through HYBRIT, to create the most efficient value chain from the mine to steel, with the aim of being first to market, in 2026, with fossil-free steel at an industrial scale.

Last year, HYBRIT, a joint initiative of SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall, began test operations to make hydrogen-reduced sponge iron in the pilot plant built with support from the Swedish Energy Agency. The technology is being constantly developed and the sponge iron that has been successfully made using hydrogen technology is the feedstock for the fossil-free steel of the future.

“This is a major breakthrough both for us and for the entire iron and steel industry. LKAB is the future supplier of sponge iron and this is a critical step in the right direction. Progress with HYBRIT enables us to maintain the pace in our transition and already in 2026, we will begin the switch to industrial-scale production with the first demonstration plant in Gällivare, Sweden. Once LKAB has converted its entire production to sponge iron, we will enable the transition of the steel industry and reduce global emissions by around 35 million tonnes a year, which corresponds to two thirds of Sweden’s entire emissions. This is the greatest action we can take together for the good of the climate,” says Jan Moström, President and CEO at LKAB.

“This technological breakthrough is a critical step on the road to fossil-free steel. The potential cannot be underestimated. It means that we can reach climate goals in Sweden and Finland and contribute to reducing emissions across Europe. At the same time, it creates new jobs and export successes. SSAB’s transition means we will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 10% in Sweden and 7% in Finland. High-strength fossil-free steel will also allow us to help our customers to strengthen their competitiveness. As early as this year, we will deliver minor quantities of steel made using hydrogen-based reduction to customers, and in 2026 we will deliver fossil-free steel at a large scale,” says Martin Lindqvist, President and CEO at SSAB.

..................
https://www.evwind.es/2021/06/23/ssab-l ... iron/81420

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 04 juil. 2021, 11:34

Les Indiens veulent augmenter les capacités de démantèlement de navires et recyclage à la baie d'Alang.
India plans to double Alang shipbreaking capacity
Ajoy K Das – June 30, 2021

The Indian authorities have introduced a set of measures, including a National Authority for Recycling of Ships (NARS) to expand the Alang shipbreaking yard, ensure compliance with regulations, and ramp up the generation of domestic ferrous scrap.

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 04 juil. 2021, 17:02

Les camions autonomes de la mine de fer de VALE à Brucutu au Brésil ont charriés 100 millions de tonnes de minerai. Aucun accident.
Vale autonomous trucks have hauled 100Mt at Brucutu

Cecilia Jamasmie | July 2, 2021

Vale’s (NYSE: VALE) driverless trucks achieved a major milestone this week as they have moved 100 million tonnes of material since first introduced at the company’s Brucutu iron ore mine in 2016.


The amount of ore transported is equivalent to the weight of 35,000 major soccer stadiums like the Maracanã, in Rio de Janeiro.

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In terms of distance travelled, the trucks have already covered 1.8 million km — or 46 laps around the Earth, Vale said.

Over the past five years autonomous trucks have not been involved in any accidents at the mine, the largest in Minas Gerais state and the company’s second biggest, behind Carajás.

Carbon emissions have been reduced due to lower fuel consumption and the mine’s productivity has increased, Vale said.

With a capacity to transport 240 tonnes, the trucks are controlled by computer systems, GPS, radar and artificial intelligence, covering the route between the mining front and the unloading area.

In 2019, all 13 trucks circulating in Brucutu were already using the new technology, making it the first mine in Brazil with 100% autonomous operations.

Vale said fuel consumption of autonomous trucks is 11% lower than traditional vehicles, resulting in a reduction of 4,300 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year.

The trucks favoured the maintenance of equipment. Tires had a 35% increase in their useful life – 10% points more than expected, Vale said. In addition to saving the company money, this number generates less waste disposal.

Drivers who used to stay in the cabin have been trained and relocated to other functions, mainly in control rooms, where they have air conditioning and no vibration or noise.

“There are many results and lessons learned to be celebrated with the current level of maturity of the autonomous mine,” Jefferson Corraide , executive manager of the Brucutu and Água Limpa complex said in the statement. “Certainly the most important advance provided by the implementation is the reduction of people’s exposure to risk.”
https://www.mining.com/vale-autonomous- ... t-brucutu/

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par Jeudi » 04 juil. 2021, 18:46

energy_isere a écrit :
04 juil. 2021, 17:02
Les camions autonomes de la mine de fer de VALE à Brucutu au Brésil ont charriés 100 millions de tonnes de minerai. Aucun accident.
Parle moins fort, tu vas réveiller les ados luddites zombies chasseurs de véhicules autonomes :lol:

Plus sérieusement, et en lien avec les mécanismes énergétiques montrés en exemple, est-ce que tu as déjà vu passer l’idée de (descendre du stérile+moduler la remontée de minerai+l’heure de coulée etc) pour fournir un peu de puissance pilotable via une smart grid? Ce serait quoi la puissance d’une mine typique?

[edit: j’ai du me tromper de post, l’exemple en question est sur l’image au lien ci-dessous ]

http://www.oleocene.org/phpBB3/viewtopi ... 2#p2322022
Quand rien dans l’univers ne te contredit, ça veut dire que tu n’écoutes pas.

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 11 juil. 2021, 10:49

en relation avec ce post du 23 aout 2014 http://www.oleocene.org/phpBB3/viewtopi ... 62#p364462

Premier expedition de minerai de fer par vraquier de la mine de fer de Marampa au Sierra Leone.
Marampa Mines Loads First Shipfor Iron OreExport from Sierra Leone
Gerald Group’s subsidiary Marampa Mines Limited announced the arrival of its first ship and the kick off of its first day of loading >65% Fe iron ore concentrate at Delta 1 anchorage point in the Port of Freetown in Sierra Leone.

Published on : 07 Jul, 2021
.......................
https://www.steelguru.com/mining/maramp ... erra-leone

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 18 juil. 2021, 12:03

La Chine avait stoppé (interdit) les importations de ferailles à mi 2019 https://www.mhlnews.com/global-supply-c ... is-century

Ces importations ont de nouveau été autorisées à partir de janvier 2021 https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/mark ... evelopment

en Q1 c'est reparti mais timidement :
Since fully reopening the door to steel scrap imports on January 1, China’s steel scrap imports soared to 55,389 tonnes over January-March, way above 3,366 tonnes for the first quarter of 2020 and more than doubled from around 27,000 tonnes for whole 2020.

The dominant majority was imported in March, which accounted for 45,564 tonnes, the CACC data showed, and the significant increase in China’s Q1 scrap imports was within market expectations, as many Chinese steel mills and scrap traders have been actively exploiting import channels or establishing business relationships with overseas suppliers, market sources shared.

In the coming months, China’s scrap imports may increase further, as Beijing would like to increase steel output by electric arc furnaces to over 15% of the country’s total or 20% at the best, and scrap use in steelmaking to 30%, both by 2025, and imported scrap will assist the domestic steel mills in achieving such targets.
https://aisusteel.org/en/archives/18789

Il semblerait que les ferailles importées en Chine aient à se soumettre à de nouvelles règles et d'être de meilleur qualité : https://www.mysteel.net/article/5021342 ... -rule.html

Confirmation ici : https://recyclinginternational.com/busi ... les/32446/
The Chinese government has confirmed import regulations regarding metal scrap as part of its efforts to promote the ‘high-quality development’ of China’s iron and steel industry.
La reprise des importations de ferrailles va faire un bon ramp-up.
Les controles des ferailles est devenu draconien. Analyse de radioactivité, contrôle de la composition.
China’s ferrous scrap imports could reach 5 mil mt in 2022 in wake of ban lifting: ZMMC trader

in Freight News 11/03/2021

China’s state-owned trading company Zhejiang Metals and Materials Co. anticipates China’s ferrous scrap imports will surge to 500,000-1 million mt in 2021 and 3 million-5 million mt in 2022 as the country’s push for carbon-neutrality boosts demand for high quality materials, senior trader Lim Kok Jiak told S&P Global Platts in an interview March 10.

The country lifted its two-year ban on ferrous scrap imports on Jan. 1, enabling imports that comply with five categories of a new “recycled iron-steel materials” standard.

Lim said ZMMC, a front runner in the ferrous scrap market to China, has concluded 10 seaborne contracts since Jan. 1, with supply sourced from East Asia and the UK via both bulk and container options, and had around 20,000 mt due to arrive in northern China over March-early April.

“We have to be aggressive in trading to stay ahead of the pack,” Lim said. “The potential is huge, and we want to grab market share. With China’s greater environmental vision and its attempts to lower its heavy dependency on imported iron ore… support will eventually boom for this market.”

Basing on ZMMC’s estimate of a total 30,000-50,000 mt of ferrous scrap arriving in China in March, Lim projected that China would receive 500,000-1 million mt in 2021, with imports expected to ramp up in the second half of the year as officials become more familiar with new customs procedures and accelerate cargo clearances. Other grades such as shredded and busheling material, and supplies sourced from more origins might also be added eventually, as customs processes ramp up to facilitate the trade, he said.

“The customs procedures are really tedious now, requiring two rounds of full inspections. The first round is to clear the cargo for discharge from the vessel and the other round is done within the port’s warehouse after it is fully discharged,” Lim said, adding that tests for radioactivity, measurements for material size, visual inspections for explosive and impurities and chemical composition checks via laboratory testing were all being done.
....................
https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/ch ... mc-trader/

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 25 juil. 2021, 11:20

Les prix du minerai de fer encore au delà des 200 dollars par tonne :

Image

https://www.mining.com/iron-ore-price-r ... producers/

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 08 août 2021, 17:53

Le prix du minerai de fer repasse sous les 200 dollars par tonne en Chine.
Iron ore price craters on Chinese steel output cuts

MINING.COM Staff Writer | July 30, 2021

Iron ore prices tumbled on Friday, collapsing under the weight of China’s resolve to reduce steel output in line with its decarbonization drive, and slowing domestic demand for the construction and manufacturing material.

According to Fastmarkets MB, benchmark 62% Fe fines imported into Northern China were changing hands for $181.57 a tonne, down 7.6% from Thursday’s closing, the lowest since April.
...............
https://www.mining.com/iron-ore-price-t ... d-outlook/

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 22 août 2021, 10:41

Le prix du minerai de fer redescend.
Iron ore price dives 13% on Fed, Chinese growth worries

MINING.COM Staff Writer | August 19, 2021

ron ore prices sank to an eight-month low on Thursday in the wake of concerns stretching from China’s economy, covid-19 and the tapering of Federal Reserve stimulus.

According to Fastmarkets MB, benchmark 62% Fe fines imported into Northern China were changing hands for $132.66 a tonne, down 13.7% from Wednesday’s closing.

The high-grade Brazilian index (65% Fe fines) also fell 15% to $152.50 a tonne.

Prices are more than 40% below a record high reached just three months ago. Mining stocks also slid, with BHP Group down more than 18% from the previous week, Rio Tinto Group down 16%, and Vale down 13%. Oil and copper also hit multi-month lows.

China’s steel consumption is expected to soften in the second half, especially in the construction sector, due to tightening property policy, the country’s steel association and analysts said.
https://www.mining.com/iron-ore-price-l ... h-worries/

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 23 août 2021, 23:39

suite de ce post du 28 juin 2021 : http://www.oleocene.org/phpBB3/viewtopi ... 1#p2321601
Cet été, l’aciériste SSAB a livré à Volvo son premier acier vert produit à partir d’une éponge de fer obtenue par réduction du minerai à l’hydrogène par LKAB dans une usine pilote à Luela, en Suède.

23 Août 2021 Usine Nouvelle

C’est l'une des rares très bonnes nouvelles pour le climat à la veille de la COP 26. Le consortium suédois Hybrit (Hydrogen Breakthrough Ironmaking Technology), lancé en 2016 par le minier LKAB, l’aciériste SSAB et l’énergéticien Vattenfall, a produit le premier acier zéro fossile. Les premières planques d’acier vert ont été livrées au constructeur automobile Volvo le 18 août. Elles ont été obtenues grâce à une technologie de réduction du minerai avec de l’hydrogène développée dans l’usine pilote Hybrit à Luleå, en Suède. Cette dernière a produit en juin 2021 sa première éponge de fer désoxydé, qui a ensuite été transformée en acier dans un four à arc électrique de SSAB et laminé sur son site de Oxelösund.

[...abonnés]
https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/p ... t.N1133984

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 29 août 2021, 10:32

Selon l'analyse Fitch la production mondiale de minerai de fer devrait augmenter de 3.6% par an sur la période 2021 à 2026.
Le supplément de production sera concentré sur le Brésil et l'Australie.
Global iron ore production to accelerate until 2025 – report

MINING.COM Staff Writer | August 27, 2021

Global iron ore production growth will accelerate in the coming years, according to market analyst Fitch Solutions latest industry report. Fitch forecasts global iron ore mine output growth will average 3.6% over the 2021 to 2025 period, compared with -2.3% over the previous five years.

According to the research firm, this will lift yearly production by 571 million tonnes by 2025, compared with 2020 levels, with supply growth primarily driven by Brazil and Australia.

“Brazilian miner Vale has aggressive expansion plans, while miners in Australia, including BHP, Rio Tinto and Fortescue, will re-invest currently buoyant profits into additional production,” says Fitch.

“This will bring an end to the stagnation that has persisted since iron-ore prices hit a decade-low average of $55/t in 2015.”

Fitch forecasts iron ore production in Australia to grow at an annual average of 1.8% over 2021-2025.

The company expects China’s iron ore production to also rise in the next 3-4 years as the country works to increase its self-sufficiency and reduce Australian imports.

“We forecast production to reach a peak of 1.07 billion tonnes in 2025, before declining once again.”

Brazil to lead growth
Fitch says Brazil’s iron ore production will increase at an annual average rate of 10.6% over 2021, to increase from 397 million tonnes in 2020 to 542 million tonnes in 2025.

“Production growth will slow over the longer term and we forecast average annual growth of 1.8% over 2026-2030, which would take annual output to 592 million tonnes by 2030,” said Fitch.

The iron ore price rose again on Friday, buoyed by hopes of a pick-up in steel demand in China.

According to Fastmarkets MB, benchmark 62% Fe fines imported into Northern China were changing hands for $157.55 a tonne, up 1.3% from Thursday’s closing.

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Re: L'acier, le fer

Message par energy_isere » 12 sept. 2021, 10:42

Le minerai de fer au plus bas de un an en Chine :
Iron ore price hits one year low on China demand collapse

MINING.COM Staff Writer | September 10, 2021

The iron ore price sank to one year low on Friday on fears of more steel production curbs in China.


The most-traded January iron ore contract on the Dalian Commodity Exchange ended daytime trading 0.3% lower at 732.50 yuan ($113.66) a tonne. It touched 717.50 yuan a tonne on Thursday, the weakest since February 4.

According to Fastmarkets MB, benchmark 62% Fe fines imported into Northern China were changing hands for $129.71 a tonne, down 0.4% from Thursday’s closing.

“Iron ore prices have had a volatile couple of months but as August closed, it was clear there had been a quantum shift in the market leading us to revise down our year–end forecast from $175/tonne to $125/tonne,” said Westpac senior economist Justin Smirk.

China has vowed to limit crude steel output this year at no higher than its 2020 production to curb industrial pollution. But news of possible further restrictions rattled the market.
....................
https://www.mining.com/iron-ore-price-h ... -collapse/

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